Physiological Disorders of Fruit Crops 1st Edition – PDF/EPUB Version Downloadable

Physiological or abiotic disorders are primarily caused by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, unbalanced soil nutrients, excess or deficiency of specific soil minerals, extreme soil pH, and poor drainage. These types of disorders are distinct from others as they are not caused by living organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or insects, but rather by non-living environmental factors that result in abnormal plant growth. Physiological disorders often lead to physical or chemical changes in plants that are far removed from normal growth and are typically caused by external factors. While some non-infectious disorders are easy to identify, others can be difficult or impossible to recognize. Once they occur, most physiological disorders are irreversible.