For centuries, the Islamic world has been represented as the ‘other’ within European identity constructions – an ‘other’ perceived to be increasingly at odds with European forms of modernity and culture. With the perceived gap between Islam and Europe widening, leading scholars in this work come together to provide genuine and realistic analyses about perceptions of Islam in the West. The book bridges these analyses with in-depth case studies from Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Turkey and other parts of the European Union. This study goes beyond the usual dichotomies of ‘clashes of civilizations’ and ‘cultural conflict’ to try to understand the numerous, diverse and multifaceted ways – some conflictual, some peaceful – in which cultural exchanges have taken place historically, and which continue to take place, between the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds.